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Class and Stratification
By Janis Prince Inniss
Annoyed that my results don't match the number of hours I spend in the gym,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I decided to hire a personal trainer to tweak my training program and to offer tips on my diet. (By diet in this piece I am simply referring to what is eaten on a regular basis,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], not a part-time way of eating that is meant to help me lose weight.)
Based on what might be called my diet consultation, three of the major tweaks I am making are moving around things I already eat-eating them at different times of the day, eating less, and adding a few new items to my diet. All of this has lead me to many various food stores-not only grocery-but, fresh markets,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], health food stores, and various specialty markets. My conclusion: eating well is expensive!
By Janis Prince Inniss
If you've been a long-time visitor to our site-welcome back and thanks-you've hopefully gained some sociological insights into several topics. But you may still wonder what sociologists do.
The main reason that I love sociology is that I think of us as debunkers. What do we debunk? Just about anything having to do with our social lives. Most of us think that our experiences are a full and true reflection of society overall, but sociologists fight against this assumption that our individual experiences are necessarily reflections of the larger society.
By Janis Prince Inniss
I'm in the market for new sneakers--not because the ones I have are worn out but because they're dirty. And nobody wears dirty sneakers in my world. Do they in yours? (On whom do you see old or dirty sneakers? What does that tell you?)
Sneakers used to be…well, just shoes. Today kicks are so closely associated with hip-hop that there are at least 20 hip-hops songs associated with sneakers. (I only thought of Nelly's "Air Force Ones" and Run DMC's "My Adidas".) Now sneakers are status symbols for a vast variety of the population-not only hip-hop performers and those who love that music. Once reserved for sports, sneakers are standard for casual wear and are paired by many in otherwise formal attire. But they're all so clean! Many of them are gleaming white, in whole or in part. Matching every outfit of their owners. I don't have several pairs, but I always own one pair for gym-going. Lately, I've been thinking that my gym footwear is just not up to par. And why is this the case?
is one of those subjects that many of us often prefer not to think about. Child poverty is a particularly difficult issue to broach,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], despite the fact that more than one in five American children now live under the Federal Poverty Level (FPL).
As you can see from the graph below, children are the age group most likely to live in poverty. While the elderly used to have higher poverty rates, by the mid-1970s those rates declined dramatically, likely in part as a result of federal programs like Social Security and Medicare.
Overall,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], far fewer people of all ages live in poverty now that they did 50 years ago. However, poverty rates have been rising in recent years, due in large part to the recession. The economic downturn has hit children particularly hard. According to the National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], currently 15 million children live below the FPL and the percentage of children in poverty rose 33 percent between 2000 and 2009. NCCP suggests that families actually need to earn at least twice the FPL to be economically stable. They estimate that 31 million live in low income families, or 42 percent of American children.
While white children comprise the largest raw number of children in poverty,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], African American/Black, American Indian, and Hispanic/Latino children are disproportionally more likely to live in poverty compared with white or Asian children. Children of all ethnicities who live in single mother headed households are also more likely to live in poverty.
And as you can see from the graph below, child poverty varies regionally. Children in the South have the highest poverty rates,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], with Mississippi's topping out at just over 30 percent. (Puerto Rico,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], an American territory,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], has a child poverty rate of 55.9 percent.)
By contrast, the Northeast and Plains states have the lowest child poverty level, with New Hampshire the nation's lowest at 9.5 percent.
Percent of Children under 18 in Poverty, past 12 months
Source:
The NCCP's data challenges several common beliefs about children in poverty: that it is the result of parents who won't work, who have too many kids, and who experience generational poverty.
As the 60 Minutes story suggests,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], children in poverty are most likely poor as the result of a major disruptive change in their family: a lost job, an illness, divorce,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], or death. According to the NCCP,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "Most of these children have parents who work, but low wages and unstable employment leave their families struggling to make ends meet." The NCCP's research also dispels several myths:
Americans often talk about "poor people" as if they are a distinct group with uniform characteristics and somehow unlike the rest of "us." In fact, there is great diversity among children and families who experience economic hardship. Research shows that many stereotypes just aren't accurate: a study of children born between 1970 and 1990 showed that 35 percent experienced poverty at some point during their childhood; only a small minority experienced persistent and chronic poverty. And more than 90 percent of low-income single mothers have only one,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], two, or three children.
Given that poverty often comes after a child's birth,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it is too simple to just suggest that poor people not have children. What other factors might reduce the growing number of children living in poverty?
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